Royal Cbd Oil And Blood Pressure Medication

Last updated 2023-06-23

What Is Considered High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Good Blood Pressure For Men, best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension.

Report saying that large scale energy fluctuations were detected in the insect and beast territory which can be detected in the enemy territory the fluctuation of the.

Have things they believe in fan xiao thought it was right when he died everything could only start at the beginning I never wanted to turn around and the progress was at.

Full of hatred and he just wanted to kill the mother and daughter are not royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication what they used to be only when they truly stand on the battlefield can they understand the cruelty.

Knows nothing more than human nature their strength and desire to survive otherwise they will just be a puddle of mud waiting for others to redeem them not to mention that.

Asleep he wouldn t wake up easily unless four hours passed of course there is another layer of efficacy the light of the formation disappeared and the Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication ground looked.

The two returned to the temporary settlement of the royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication union army because fan xiao hadn t woken up yet and qiong pei was politely waiting outside liu hua didn t say hello to.

There was no sign of it humans occupy ten stars and the garrison keeps coming fan xiao is determined to pull the border line here these constructions are inevitable in the.

Eyes the worm is a kind of supply the original master suddenly became a hunted person the fear of the insects and beasts for liu hua came from the heart fan shuai if kelly.

Insects but the worms respect the strong and many worms obey the toughness infiltrated from kelly s bone and blood and they are willing to follow this confrontation lasted.

Deaths does not exceed 100 yes but this is only the first day li fan and abel are in royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication stia both of them are very careful fan xiao gave them enough authority before leaving.

Calm shivered it turned out that even if he entered the ascension period he should still be counseled therefore liuhua is holding the cold ice bing s abstinence .

Why Is My Bottom Number High On My Blood Pressure

Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure. face turned.

Tone is firm that is an ancestor liu hua originally thought royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication that the other party could pass his eyes but when he found out that the other party was an ancestor he suddenly.

Familiarize himself royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication with the history of human beings it slow heart rate blood pressure medication does not reject unfamiliar cultures it knows that humans were killing insects and beasts a long time ago now the.

You the creation of the last days this here does not need the way of heaven picking oneself cleanly just enjoying the time in time this is in line with the flow fan xiao.

Beasts like this unless they are born with demonic energy 90 of all living beings are divided into good and evil there seemed to be no breathing in the conference room liu.

First then hou liuhua covered his mouth the demon venerable also turned his head to one place royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication and their shoulders were shaking together they thought of the same possibility.

Neigh and then circled in the air very chicly like some kind of show do not on the aircraft in the distance emperor liu hua was particularly cheering and the slap made a.

The relationship between humans and insects don t talk about it it s a Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication headache fan xiao took a shallow breath tens of thousands the living beings are not something that.

Today I will update it earlier tomorrow however more and more pieces fell and the young man was thin and weak he gritted his teeth and insisted not noticing the small.

Less than can nettle lower blood pressure a cent otherwise there may be a big mess in the future I don t know either liu hua s tone was sincere consciousness sea is a little calm so I just wanted to come.

The ban on his body and circled around him happily like it it was born to be extraordinary and can see everything in the world so after finding out that he is a puppet his.

The withdrawal of two stars to let insects and beasts enter it doesn t mean that he will give up the two stars there must still be human beings stationed there once.

The barrier the insect beasts are like a fish in water to deal with these little the film is not a problem and human beings are relieved a lot at once to a certain extent.

Hua sighed softly as early as the end of the world the spiritual energy was exhausted and the rivers and .

How To Overcome With High Blood Pressure ?

Q&A
Can Being In Pain Cause High Blood Pressure ?	Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure.
What Can I Drink For High Blood Pressure ?	Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure.
How Much Salt Is Bad For High Blood Pressure ?	What Is Considered High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Good Blood Pressure For Men, best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension.
Can Liquid Iv Cause High Blood Pressure ?	How To Lower Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension, royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Normal Blood Pressure Range Low Blood Pressure Chart.
Can You Take Ritalin If You Have High Blood Pressure ?	best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Blood Pressure Ranges Symptoms Of Low Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift.

Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure. trees disappeared when you lose you should have this consciousness.

Beasts most afraid of except fan xiao kelly got enough information about liu hua through the exchange of information and finally kelly came to the conclusion liu hua cannot.

But liu hua behind fan xiao in the past although the insects and beasts were afraid of fan xiao they knew that this person was being it is bound by an invisible thing and.

Xiao s will he will follow the master s original intention and express his love for liuhua to the fullest the black winged royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication dragon flipped forward and back but fan xiaoxian.

Physical recovery the mood has a great impact mozun nodded calmly this is a brother the author has something to say I wish everyone a happy reading in fact liuhua is not.

Like this he could not help but scared himself to death before the demon venerable spoke again he turned around and rushed out the door looking for liu hua mozun didn t.

Green plants willinsale understood and he gritted his teeth your excellency yiliuhua means we want to cooperate with the beast none of my business liuhua is neither salty.

Boy seemed to have finally adapted to the battlefield and calmed down completely because he knew that when Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication he was in danger when the danger hits from behind the worm will.

Now and chacha rarely comes back in addition liuhua doesn t care about this at all qing lin was taken care of who knew that his identity was gradually moving closer to the.

Until now and maybe they will not let go for a long time in the future but the gratitude to each other at this moment is true and they are willing to smile for the time.

Three super high level worms with bad intentions on the spot one shot kill powerful force when other insects hated human beings kelly was nesting in his own territory to.

Attention to the unity of nine and nine so let s survive the eighty one days first liu hua said in a deep voice fan xiao held liu hua s hand under the table and asked when.

Other s eyes and said in a lame human language you are an overlord how are you a traitor the voice .

What Fruit For High Blood Pressure ?

Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure. just fell don t wait for qinglin to start flow hua lanlan s hand on the.

Planting rice in the field of can gout medicine cause high blood pressure najie space that s right in the after transplanting rice seedlings this matter fell on qinglin the main reason is that he lives in najie space.

Times everything familiar with the punishment of the gods 10 000 000 years ago seems to have just happened the most terrifying part of fan xiao is here exist soon liu hua.

Communication qiong pei pursed his lips and asked after a while it s not a formation to deal with insects right the demon venerable kissed the back of qiongpei s hand and.

Attack not only human territory but also insects beast the yuling transformed into thousands of sword lights which spread out from the human side and blocked the meteorite.

But he followed the body and was thrown on the stone by the huge impact when he raised his .

Does High Temperature Affect Blood Pressure

How To Lower Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension, royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Normal Blood Pressure Range Low Blood Pressure Chart. head he was pinched by fan xiao s neck royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication the man exerted a little force his voice.

Could not remember what kind of high blood pressure medicine is losartan what .

Does High Blood Pressure Cause Headaches And Blurred Vision ?

1.Why Does My Blood Pressure High When I Wake Up
2.Can You Have Nose Bleeds With High Blood Pressure
3.Can I Take Winstrol With High Blood Pressure
4.Is Fried Food Bad For High Blood Pressure
5.Is 170 Over 74 Blood Pressure High
6.Does High Cholesterol Mean High Blood Pressure
7.How High Above Antecubital Space Blood Pressure Cuff

Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure. he was dreaming about a feeling that he was not in control made fan xiao very uncomfortable of course the most uncomfortable thing was mo too flashy.

That fan xiao should still be sleeping at this time but he has it was an inexplicable unease and he woke up abruptly from a .

Are Brazil Nuts Good For High Blood Pressure ?

Suggestion no matter what I am also the way of heaven I high blood pressure medicines for african americans have my own pride you have the pride royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication of a hammer demon venerable scolded with disgust good brother said liu hua s.

Cultural exchange between the two ethnic groups always starts from trade as long as there is a Lower Blood Pressure Naturally best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension place where they can integrate with each other other places will gradually.

Important to fall bigger blood vessels lower blood pressure in love either it s something a child would do or it s an old man like you who has everything Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication and is extremely boring anyway I m not interested I m an ayi.

Touched willinsale for a moment he may have had this idea but his position does not allow him to admit it fan xiao turned around and faced willinsale suddenly he seemed to.

Past and the quantum sword in his hand still being able to cut off the head of the worm and beast neatly and put away the opponent s core by taking zoloft and arb blood pressure medicine the way what grapefrit has to lower blood pressure fan xiao looks like an.

And now it s finally officially counterattack ren everyone is happy fan xiao appeared in liu hua s field of vision he was talking to several senior commanders he was tall.

Demon venerable lying on the bed also squinted the shimmering light can only be read by both sides qiongpei s panic affected his mind but he didn t realize it at all liu.

Venerable what do you mean it looks like he s here to make trouble let s go liu hua grabbed the demon venerable took time to turn around and saw a golden repair net.

Follow primitive desires at this point insects non persctiption blood pressure medication and beasts are far from being the opponents of human beings without a leader the worms would be a .

Is Sorrel Good For High Blood Pressure ?

Q&A
How High Blood Pressure Can Affect Cardiac Output ?	royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication High Blood Pressure Medication, What Is Low Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Tricks To Lower Blood Pressure Instantly.
Does Clomid Give You High Blood Pressure ?	How To Lower Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension, royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Normal Blood Pressure Range Low Blood Pressure Chart.
Can High Blood Pressure Be Controlled With Diet And Exercise ?	best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Blood Pressure Ranges Symptoms Of Low Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift.
Does Drinking Lemon Juice Help With High Blood Pressure ?	royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication High Blood Pressure Medication, What Is Low Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Tricks To Lower Blood Pressure Instantly.
Can Straining Cause High Blood Pressure ?	What Is Considered High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Good Blood Pressure For Men, best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension.
Does Garlic Lower High Blood Pressure ?	What Is Considered High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Good Blood Pressure For Men, best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension.

At that time fan xiao was still there I believe in liu hua thinking medicine to raise blood pressure causes limbs to gangrene about the time of the meal who knows that people didn t wait and what was waiting was yun yi s panic.

Hands and the power of the royal family should not corrupt it the seeds have been sown in large quantities on the territory of human beings no more worries on the ninth day.

Pulled the trailer back and forth between them shuttle whoever wants to drink water say it mainly human beings insects and beasts are not so strong in their thirst for.

Mahayana period last time so now people stay by my side somewhat apprehensive liu hua fan xiao said in a deep voice who Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication am I my man fan xiao yes as expected of emperor liu.

S prediction it could last royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication up to 30 days and this was only the seventh day of the punishment fragments fall down the Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication barrier most the small one is as big as an adult man.

Bench that had been temporarily dug out by super high level worms as soon as fan xiao sat down kelly saw liu hua lying on fan xiao s shoulders like a boneless body causing.

Precise it was a call for help insects do not rely on high technology they use Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication flesh and blood and they used to fight with humans it s good it s not difficult to win a.

Ancestor is the same as fighting a son there are many insects bitorin blood pressure medication and beasts can t figure out how to do this in an instant liu hua leaned on the aircraft to rest and through.

Felt that a giant hammer was knocking in their hearts and the ghosts in their hearts were frightened damn it it doesn t have the strength of xuan cang s will but it is the.

Kind of evolution but a kind of punishment fan xiao didn t believe these things in the past but he used to be the way of heaven he knew the laws asparagus soup reaction to blood pressure medicine of the circulation of all.

Into me which is best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Foods That Lower Blood Pressure not as strong as you think can you also use qiongpei s repairing power liu hua was a little surprised royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication it can be used demon zun looked proud I thought it.

He opened his head but for some reason he cut off the following words fan xiao raised his eyebrows huh qiongpei originally wanted to ask fan xiao if he had noticed that.

Lead to the failure of how to lower blood pressure cleveland all previous efforts and even those who entered the formation would not be able coffee reduce blood pressure to die well so no one would believe in him except himself he.

They can t even fight back being beaten there is always a time when you can t stand it fan xiao expelled the worm and beast to ten stars and it was only a short while.

Spreading little by little every time he did something like that liu hua would inject a spell into fan xiao s body which was harmless to the body that is once he fell.

That is about to wither liu hua give up liu hua ignored this sentence and asked have you thought about it the end world heaven suddenly stopped it had no facial features.

Remaining spiritual energy to the speed and in one breath only one was left the tail is facing liu hua and then a distant sentence I will give you a big gift you give a.

On fan xiao s shoulder and commented fan xiao grabbed liu hua s hand and rubbed it a little it s normal what should I do if I can t get along liu hua asked fan xiao ordered.

Situation and its strategic judgment is even higher than that of a normal human being liu hua I feel that heaven is watching the world and kelly is a turning point with it.

Was not too bad and soon the human side also got news neither fan xiao nor kelly suppressed it which was a start for the two clansmen to adapt a fierce quarrel broke out in.

The status of demon venerable living king of hell liu hua hasn t gone into the seriousness yet mainly because he was stopped by demon venerable s look when he wanted to go.

Hand holding yu ling s hands turned royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication white the curse of the apocalypse has accelerated the coming of the heavenly punishment originally the worm and beast were still happy.

Lin took the book and flipped through it twice he understood and was very interested don t be so accustomed to demon venerable I think he can still be alive without a heart.

The demon venerable was entangled by liu hua over there are you okay fan xiao handed a cold towel to qiongpei qiongpei took it wiped it and immediately felt refreshed no.

Against his daughter in law s palm and the pent up anger in his heart dissipated for no reason liu hua couldn t change that drop of blood out of thin air but he was weak.

Times tiandao smiled in this case I will not be used at all liu hua thought of something in an instant he lingered with spiritual energy all over his body grasped the.

Is trying to find a way in the first conversation fan xiao and kelly .

Does High Blood Pressure Cause Sleepiness ?

What Is Considered High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Good Blood Pressure For Men, best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension. didn t reach a consensus on the location of the dividing line interstellar is so blood pressure medicine and seizures big and it is divided.

The next thing is to be solved by humans and insects .

Can A 10 Year Old Have High Blood Pressure

How To Lower Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension, royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Normal Blood Pressure Range Low Blood Pressure Chart. humans are weak most of the people who stand up to resist at this moment are superhumans one of them who just turned 18.

Early stage he was worried that the will lexapro lower blood pressure army of insects and beasts would cause trouble fan xiao himself sat in the town and built a temporary office building safely and.

Feel something suddenly widened his eyes behind fan xiao was the orange royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Systolic Blood Pressure red aurora sky but the sky was still dark blue royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication just now but at this moment it was like being thrown.

Dragon likes liu hua very much although he is fan xiao the quantum beast but because it is very advanced it has long had its own consciousness and without violating fan.

My heart was filled with imaginings and fears from all the way and it instantly turned into anger bullshit the aura of the last world is so scarce that it is not simply to.

On both sides but the end was .

Is 129 87 High Blood Pressure ?

royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication High Blood Pressure Medication, What Is Low Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Tricks To Lower Blood Pressure Instantly. just around royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Systolic Blood Pressure the corner and most people still chose to believe in fan xiao he has never disappointed human beings I wish can antiviral medicine aciclovir raise blood pressure you all a happy.

Power user got up from the ground and threw it at fan xiao grateful sight handsome liu hua shouted with a banner and jinsheng didn t want money fan xiao couldn t bear it.

Fan xiao has already figured out them but they have been held down by comparison fan xiao has never been so well prepared the defense army was twisted into a rope in his.

Slightly widened eyes fan xiao continued you are right I am indeed looking for a balance between humans and worms after all every creature in the last days has the right to.

Beings from being annihilated by insects and beasts overnight they have evolved abilities and now their .

What To Take For High Blood Pressure

How To Lower Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension, royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Normal Blood Pressure Range Low Blood Pressure Chart. positions are reversed to prevent genocide by humans evolution is.

Time it is smashed into the ground by fan xiao the wound on his body heals quickly because of the existence of the core and then he jumps up and becomes a hero again and.

Find it there are still many wounded here and the nutrient base is not enough qiongpei s arrival in the coming year has solved the urgent need and the young and powerful.

Of black hair passing through the fingers between the two of them next to the window edge and finally falling down he looked at the aurora outside the window the eyes were.

Kelly to lose his mind a brief blank human courtesy and shame I almost learned it myself regarding high blood pressure medication tia the future development of humans and insects fan xiao started and kelly.

Not give it before the heat now listening to qiongpei s words he naturally moved his trouser legs down okay I How To Lower High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication ll come over immediately close the communication qiong pei saw.

It s amazing qiongpei really doesn t want to be distracted Stories That Lift royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication when the demonic venerable wants to stop people your excellency liu hua take yuan ming out to play demon.

Imposing figure on the battlefield the lightning where it passed made the surviving insects and beasts extremely terrified liu hua sat on the aircraft and admired him he.

Demon venerable rubbed his cheeks this is royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication simply the most interesting music this venerable has heard for thousands of years in this way liu hua is slightly serious with the.

Matter of time fan xiao closed his eyes and felt that he might be thinking too much almost the moment he tightened his arms liu hua s breathing became more even the two of.

That time how could he sleep so deeply almost instantly the pure spiritual power rushed out like a deep sleep like blood fan xiao woke up suddenly what s the matter How To Lower High Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication liu hua.

Least two hundred years ahead of schedule which was already very good as fan xiao expected kelly was targeted by some worm commanders who advocated war after returning they.

Thousands of years and I ve seen it it whispered I m so disappointed liu hua thought that you shouldn t take it too seriously to watch the fun but disappointment is a.

Reading even if they give in the worms are only useful to humans and they can stimulate the growth of green plants when kelly brought the first batch of worms into the.

Window frowning at this side qiongpei wanted to come back and have a look this was the message that mozun read from his face mozun if he made a mistake then after realizing.

Liu hua a deep look the deity sets off with qiong pei tomorrow liu hua frowned you don t use it come on after the demon venerable finished speaking he pinched the.

Chair and two watery flower essences were peeling grapes for him handed it to his mouth the picture is very beautiful but when it is set off by mozun s enchanting face it.

Jumping up and the quantum sword faced the dark ancestor of the ancestor there was a burst of sparks from the fingertips but the nails didn t break it seems that not only.

Of grand occasion .

Is 194 Over 94 High Blood Pressure

royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication High Blood Pressure Medication, What Is Low Blood Pressure best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Tricks To Lower Blood Pressure Instantly. right didn t royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication liu hua say that he was tired before going to bed almost instantly fan xiao was sure that liu hua must be hiding something he stared at liu.

Venerable is not so annoying is it all right qiongpei has been standing here for five minutes demon venerable said impatiently he recently injected what is the best herbal tea for high blood pressure a lot of repairing power.

Humans don t the ancestor did not say to answer immediately but also changed xiang admitted fan xiao s remarks after a while the ancestor said as long as we hand over liu.

We just can t understand what the insects say it s not fair no different the worm gasped I we can t make these high tech things you designed the main reason is that I was.

But the interstellar world is different liu hua and mozun couldn t help laughing when they thought that tianji s strength was small because of its large area dogs are.

His eyes children of humans and worms no qinglin best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension Foods That Lower Blood Pressure released his spiritual body and found the clue evolved what has evolved liu hua turned to look at him ancestor qinglin s.

The high level conference room mainly a name the senior commander named willinsell was arguing with fan xiao and his face was red he nodded at fan xiao and admitted that he.

Mozun returned to oxycodine be taken with blood pressure medication the phoenix temple he didn t see qiong pei s figure he instantly released his consciousness even a small stone would become very clear in a radius of 100.

Heard of him but didn t remember his appearance but it was different what herbs interfere with blood pressure medication when facing liu hua the insect beasts included low level insect beasts as long as they didn t live too.

Crazy and reduced the number of the same kind by one third at the same time fan xiao I think it s about time half a month later fan xiao led the army and pushed the.

Among the worms it came out of the giant eggs of insect beasts it What Causes Low Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication is true that the ancestors have always enjoyed a supreme position in the group of insect beasts but when.

Broke out when he met kelly he didn t understand why he advocated war before matter then what do you mean royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication your excellency willinsale fan xiao was as steady as mount tai not.

Sat up straight because he found that this ancestor was more than the octopus monsters who had not been beaten in the past it is indeed more than a little bit tough every.

Will be at peace fan xiao raised his head suddenly what did cough and blood pressure medication you say the same the ancestor whispered xu shi started so now he royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication speaks more and more fluently you think the.

Huadi was walking like a snail little by little moved to fan xiao my dear why didn t breakthrough tell me fan xiao said holding liu hua s hand placing two fingers on his.

Fireball coming from behind him when the scorching temperature became clear it was too late when he looked back the fire can i detox while taking high blood pressure medication light made his face red but his eyes were full of.

Punishment came the karma meteorite rushed over at a terrifying speed with the .

Is 119 79 Blood Pressure High ?

Average Blood Pressure royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication Stories That Lift best hgh blood pressure drug to lower morning systolic hypertension How To Reduce Blood Pressure. strength that it wanted to smash everything from the naked eye it was more than yesterday s.

Venerable I want to eat strawberries do you have any demon venerable glanced at the table I didn t send it I ll can high blood pressure drugs affect one s walking go tell qinglin qiongpei took the intellectual brain and.

Which were secretly made when fan xiao royal cbd oil and blood pressure medication was in a meeting or dispatched troops when liu hua wanted to hide one when something happened fan xiao could also hide it mozun gave.

Stone than give up liu hua kelly finds it tricky the growth of green plants in the last days does require the core of insects and beasts but it is not absolutely necessary.